{"id":1354,"date":"2023-10-26T21:21:55","date_gmt":"2023-10-27T02:21:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geosocmn.org\/gsmpaypal\/field-trip-to-northeastern-wisconsin-and-northern-michigan\/"},"modified":"2023-10-26T21:21:55","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T02:21:55","slug":"field-trip-to-northeastern-wisconsin-and-northern-michigan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geosocmn.org\/gsmpaypal\/field-trip-to-northeastern-wisconsin-and-northern-michigan\/","title":{"rendered":"FIELD TRIP TO NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN AND NORTHERN MICHIGAN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Field Trip Title: <\/strong>FIELD TRIP TO NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN AND NORTHERN MICHIGAN<\/p>\n

Field Trip Status <\/strong>Field Trip Completed<\/p>\n

Field Trip Start Date: <\/strong>August 3, 2008<\/p>\n

Field Trip Start Time: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Field Trip End Date: <\/strong> August 3, 2008<\/p>\n

Field Trip End Time: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Field Trip Subject: <\/strong>
\nFIELD TRIP TO NORTHEASTERN WISCONSIN AND NORTHERN MICHIGAN<\/p>\n

Field Trip Leader: <\/strong>GENE AND SALLY LABERGE
\nLeader Information <\/strong> <\/p>\n

Field Trip Starting Point: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Field Trip Itinerary: <\/strong><\/p>\n

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GEOLOGICAL\u00a0 SOCIETY<\/strong>
OF<\/strong>
MINNESOTA<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

FIELD TRIP<\/strong>
TO<\/strong>
NORTHEASTERN\u00a0WISCONSIN<\/strong>
AND<\/strong>
NORTHERN\u00a0MICHIGAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sunday and Monday, AUGUST 3-4, 2008<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

BY<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

GENE AND SALLY LABERGE<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR THE TRIP<\/p>\n

(Day One, Sunday, Aug 3)<\/p>\n

Lodging:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Iron Mountain, MI is 5.5 to 6 hours from St Paul, so staying there Saturday night may be the choice of most folks.\u00a0\u00a0There is no lodging available in Pembine or Niagara, Wisconsin for Saturday night.\u00a0\u00a0However, there are numerous motels available in Iron Mountain, Michigan, a few miles away.\u00a0 There are about\u00a0half a dozen motels along Hwy 2-141 at the east end of Iron Mountain, having various prices and with restaurants nearby.\u00a0There are also some motels in Norway, Michigan.\u00a0\u00a0The Sunday morning assembly point is about 6 miles from Iron Mountain.<\/p>\n

Assembly Point: \u00a0<\/strong>Restaurants for breakfast are readily available in Iron Mountain and Norway.\u00a0\u00a0We will meet at the Wayside about 0.1 mi east of Niagara, WI on the US-141, at 8:30 AM.\u00a0\u00a0The wayside is on the south side of\u00a0US-141.\u00a0\u00a0We will need to bring food and water (drinks) along with us, since we will not be near restaurants during the day.<\/p>\n

Bathroom facilities are scarce, but we will try to accommodate folks on the trip (We WILL be passing gas stations).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Several locations have quite limited parking, so we should take as few vehicles as possible.\u00a0\u00a0Vans would be ideal, and ride pooling will be valuable.\u00a0\u00a0A maximum of about 30 participants are all that some outcrops can accommodate, so this might limit the size of the group.\u00a0\u00a0Additionally, several stops will require fairly strenuous walking, sometimes in distance, other times by rugged hiking through the woods.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(Day Two, Monday, Aug 4)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lodging:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Lodging is quite abundant in Marquette for Sunday evening; restaurants are also available.\u00a0\u00a0The leaders probably will be staying Holiday Inn in Marquette, (Phone 1-800-HOLIDAY); some folks may want the Econolodge,\u00a0perhaps a half-mile away (Phone 1-800-435-2502).<\/p>\n

Assembly Point<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0We will assemble at the Holiday Inn on Hwy-41 on the west side of Marquette at 8:30 AM.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

We will have a\u00a0Pasty Lunch\u00a0in Negaunee for those who are interested, getting these from\u00a0Grandma-T’s Pasty shop.\u00a0\u00a0They will have hot pasties available for those who\u00a0choose this delicacy, if we plan ahead.\u00a0\u00a0Optionally, one may plan for a bag lunch.\u00a0\u00a0Bathroom facilities are not as limited as they were on day one since we will pass more gas stations.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Day two will not be as strenuous as day one.\u00a0\u00a0The Trip will end at the Champion Mine in mid-to-late afternoon.\u00a0\u00a0Participants can return to Iron Mountain and proceed home from there, OR drive west on M-28 through Ironwood toward Duluth, etc, if they desire.<\/p>\n

The cost will be $50\/person, and\u00a0lodging, food and gas would be the responsibility of each person.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Be prepared for any type of weather.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0GENERAL GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND<\/strong><\/p>\n

By Gene L. LaBerge<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Precambrian rocks of the Lake Superior region have been studied by geologists for well over 150 years, yet new interpretations of the geological environment in which the rock sequences formed continue to be presented.\u00a0\u00a0In addition, new discoveries have helped geologists understand the rocks \u2013 and the geological events that formed them.\u00a0\u00a0On this trip we will examine rocks and structural features that illustrate some of the relatively recent new understandings of the rocks in the region.<\/p>\n

One of the major \u201cnew\u201d concepts applied to the Lake Superior region is that of\u00a0Plate Tectonics<\/strong>\u00a0which has revolutionized the field of geology since the late 1960\u2019s.\u00a0\u00a0According to this concept the Earth\u2019s crust consists of a number of large plates that are moving — some toward other plates, some away from neighboring plates, yet others sliding past neighboring plates.\u00a0\u00a0When plates move apart new crust is formed, typically on the ocean floor, and we call the concept \u201csea-floor spreading\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0When the plates move toward one another, one of the plates bends down and is carried several hundred miles down into the Earth\u2019s mantle, where it partially melts, producing batches of molten rocks that move up toward the surface and cool to form bodies of granite.\u00a0\u00a0If the molten rock reaches the surface volcanic rocks are formed.\u00a0\u00a0This convergent process is called \u201csubduction\u201d and the boundary between the converging plates is called a \u201csubduction zone\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0Subduction zones are also characterized by intense deformation, usually forming mountain ranges.<\/p>\n

The concept of Plate Tectonics has been proposed as an explanation of many of the major features in the Lake Superior region.\u00a0\u00a0The work of many geologists, utilizing a wide variety of scientific studies (such as various methods of determining the age of the rocks, the chemistry of the rocks, geophysical techniques \u2013 such as magnetic, electrical and gravity studies, and structural patterns within the rocks) have shown quite conclusively that that several plate boundaries, with plates moving in different directions have occurred during the immense span of Precambrian time in this region.<\/p>\n

The Michigan-Wisconsin border in the general Iron Mountain area contains abundant exposures of rocks that formed when two plates were moving toward one another, or \u201ccolliding\u201d around 1,875-million to 1,850-million years ago.\u00a0\u00a0An older (Archean) continental crust about 2,650-million years old, containing a thick cover of 2,200-million\u00a0year old sedimentary rocks on it was moving slowly toward an ocean area now occupied by Wisconsin.\u00a0\u00a0The older continental crust was gradually moving down beneath the oceanic crust, forming a series of volcanic islands that developed on the oceanic crust.\u00a0\u00a0The older continent ultimately collided with the volcanic islands, producing much folding and faulting of the rocks on the continent and those forming the ocean floor crust.\u00a0\u00a0The deformation resulted in the formation of an east-west trending mountain range \u2013the “Penokean Mountains<\/strong>“, now almost completely eroded away. It was during this collisional event that the great iron-formations, the source rocks of the extensive iron ores of the region were deposited.<\/p>\n

Elsewhere in the Lake Superior region a much younger event (about 1,000 million years ago) during which two plates were moving apart produced the rocks and the event that we call the\u00a0\u201cKeweenawan\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Huge quantities of basaltic lava were brought to the surface. These rocks are the host of the rich copper-silver deposits on the Keweenaw Peninsula were formed.\u00a0\u00a0Keweenawan lava flows, mainly basalts, and associated sedimentary rocks were deposited almost entirely on a land surface in an arid environment similar to that in Death Valley today. These rocks are well exposed in Minnesota, as well as in northern Wisconsin and Michigan and in Ontario.<\/p>\n

These events occurred over many millions of years.\u00a0\u00a0However, some geologic events, such as the impact of a large meteorite are very sudden, catastrophic events, and one of these, too, is represented in the region.\u00a0\u00a0An exceptionally large meteorite struck the Earth at the site of present-day Sudbury, Ontario, 1,850 million years ago.\u00a0\u00a0This may have been the second largest meteorite impact in the last 3-billion years of Earth history, producing unique deposits that may well have spread over most, if not all, the Earth.\u00a0\u00a0It is quite possible that the major copper-nickel-platinum deposits in the Sudbury area are a result of this meteorite impact.\u00a0\u00a0Deposits produced by this event have been recognized only in the past few years and are currently being mapped and studied.\u00a0\u00a0Highly shattered fragments of rocks from the Sudbury area blanketed most of the Lake Superior region.<\/p>\n

The stops on this trip will illustrate examples of some of the rock types formed and some of the folding and faulting (structural features) produced by the plate tectonic events as well as a site showing the nature of some of the ejecta from the \u201cSudbury Meteorite\u201d<\/p>\n

END DESCRIPTIONS<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(Day One)<\/strong><\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 1<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Quiver Falls on the Menominee River.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

At the NE outskirts of Pembine, WI (near the Catholic Church) turn east on Kremlin Rd (County Road R) and go east about 9.5 miles.\u00a0\u00a0About 0.5 miles past the entrance to the ISP Kremlin Mine take the gravel road that angles off to the right.\u00a0\u00a0Cross the RR tracks and turn left and follow the road about 0.6 miles to a parking area near the river on the right.\u00a0\u00a0At Quiver Falls there is a wooded island in the Menominee River.\u00a0\u00a0Follow the fishing trail down to the outcrops along the river\u2019s edge.<\/p>\n

The rocks are part of the Quinnesec Volcanics, an extensive area of volcanic rocks along the Wisconsin side of the river.\u00a0\u00a0The rocks here are basaltic lavas about 1,850 million years old that were part of the ocean floor.\u00a0\u00a0Pillow structures are present locally, indicating that the basalt was extruded under water, and spherical knobs called\u00a0variolites<\/strong>\u00a0are visible in many of the pillows showing that they were glassy.\u00a0<\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 2<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Timm\u2019s Lake Road<\/p>\n

Return to the\u00a0blacktop\u00a0Kremlin Road and proceed west about 2 miles to Timm\u2019s Lake Rd (the road to Morgan Park).\u00a0\u00a0Turn right and go several hundred feet from the intersection to a steep hill in the woods just off the road on the right.\u00a0\u00a0The hill is very steep, but has a gentler slope on the north side.<\/p>\n

The rock is composed mainly of the mineral serpentine and is called a\u00a0serpentinite.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0It formed by the alteration of a rock composed originally of olivine (adunite<\/strong>).\u00a0\u00a0These serpentine-rich rocks are fairly common in the Quinnesec Volcanics along the Wisconsin border.\u00a0\u00a0They are typical of basaltic rocks that form oceanic crust.\u00a0\u00a0Incidentally asbestos deposits occur in some of the serpentine bodies, and these were examined as possible sources of asbestos during World War II.<\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 3<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Junction of Hwy 141-8 and Morgan Park Rd.<\/p>\n

Continue on Timm\u2019s Lake Road through Morgan Park and follow it on to the main highway between Pembine and Niagara, Wisconsin.\u00a0\u00a0Turn right on the main highway and stop just after entering the highway.\u00a0\u00a0Please park well off the highway and watch traffic!\u00a0\u00a0(NOTE:\u00a0\u00a0Bathroom facilities are available in Morgan Park for those in need!!)<\/p>\n

The outcrop here consists of basalts of the Quinnesec Volcanics intruded by a number of granitic dikes.\u00a0\u00a0The granite was produced by the partial melting of the older continental crust as it was subducted beneath the oceanic crust with volcanic islands to the south.\u00a0\u00a0We will pass a number of similar outcrops as we continue toward the next stop.<\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 4.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Piers Gorge on the Menominee River.<\/p>\n

Continue toward Niagara on Hwy 141-8.\u00a0\u00a0Turn right (north) on Hwy 8 toward Norway, Michigan and follow Hwy 8 across the Menominee River into Michigan.\u00a0\u00a0Proceed about 0.25 mile and turn left (west) at the sign for Piers Gorge on the blacktop road.\u00a0\u00a0Follow the main road to the parking area at the end, generally keeping left.\u00a0\u00a0However, several roads to the left lead to the Menominee River short of the end of the road.\u00a0\u00a0From the parking area a well maintained trail about 0.3 miles long (approximately a 20-minute walk) that leads to the waterfalls at the gorge.\u00a0\u00a0However, the trail involves walking up over several rock ridges.<\/p>\n

(Note:\u00a0\u00a0There are no bathroom facilities here!\u00a0\u00a0However, this might be a good lunch stop.)<\/p>\n

We could make a bathroom stop in Norway, Michigan after the lunch stop!<\/p>\n

The rocks here consist of mica and chlorite schists with prominent nearly vertical layering (foliation).\u00a0\u00a0The rocks were formed by intense deformation of the volcanic rocks of the Quinnesec Volcanics along a major fault zone that separates the volcanic and granitic rocks in Wisconsin from the sedimentary rocks we will see in Michigan.\u00a0\u00a0The fault is part of the \u201cNiagara Fault Zone\u201d that marks the subduction zone between the two crustal plates that collided in this area about 1,850 million years ago.<\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 5.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Sturgeon River Dam northeast of Loretto, Michigan.<\/p>\n

Return to Hwy\u00a08 from the parking area, turn left (north) on Hwy 8 and proceed to US Hwy 2 in\u00a0\u00a0Norway, Michigan.\u00a0\u00a0(Hwy 8 ends here.)\u00a0\u00a0Turn right (east) on Hwy 2 and proceed east about 4.5 miles through Vulcan to Loretto, Michigan.\u00a0\u00a0Turn left (north) on County Rd \u2013 573 near the east edge of town and proceed about 0.5 miles to Swede Settlement Rd.\u00a0\u00a0Turn right (east) and go about 1.2 miles.\u00a0\u00a0Turn left (north) on a smaller road that leads to the dam.\u00a0\u00a0Continue about 0.5 mile and park in the parking lot at the gate.\u00a0\u00a0Park and walk about 0.25 miles on the road past the gate to the dam site. (Note that the dam has recently been removed.)<\/p>\n

Exposed here is the Archean (2,700 million year old) Carney Lake Gneiss intruded by several basaltic dikes.\u00a0\u00a0The Fern Creek Tillite, a Precambrian glacial deposit about 2,200 million years old, unconformably overlies the gneiss.\u00a0\u00a0The glacial deposits are overlain by the ~2,000 foot thick Sturgeon Quartzite, which grades upward into a thick dolomite unit (the Randville Dolomite).\u00a0\u00a0The contact between the Carney Lake Gneiss and the Fern Creek Tillite is exposed at the former dam site.\u00a0\u00a0Although it is difficult to see, the bedding in the Sturgeon Quartzite dips steeply north, but the beds \u201cface\u201d south, indicating that the layers are overturned due to the north-south compression along the Niagara Fault Zone.\u00a0\u00a0(We are now on the older continent plate that collided with the volcanic rocks in Wisconsin.)<\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 6.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Quinnesec Iron Mine just northwest of Quinnesec, Michigan.<\/p>\n

Return to the cars and return to Swede Settlement Road.\u00a0\u00a0Turn right (west) and proceed to County Rd \u2013 573 and turn left (south).\u00a0\u00a0Continue to Hwy\u20132 in Loretto and turn right (west).\u00a0\u00a0Continue west on Hwy-2 about 8.0 miles, through Vulcan and\u00a0Norway to Quinnesec, Michigan.\u00a0\u00a0At the traffic light in Quinnesec, turn right (north) and proceed about 0.25 mile up the hill and turn left (west) on the blacktop road that curves around to the left.\u00a0\u00a0A locked gate marks the entrance into the Quinnesec mine property.\u00a0\u00a0Continue south several hundred feet to a locked gate in the chain link fence along the right side of the road.\u00a0\u00a0Park near the gate through the chain link fence.\u00a0\u00a0After passing through the gate follow the trail west in the narrow valley about 1,000 feet to the mine. (NOTE;\u00a0recent windstorms have blown down many trees across the trail, making walking rather difficult!!\u00a0\u00a0However, this unique view of an iron mine makes the effort worthwhile!!)<\/p>\n

The Quinnesec Mine is within the Vulcan Iron-formation, and was mined from the late 1800\u2019s to about 1950.\u00a0\u00a0The iron-formation is about 1,850 million years old, the same age as the volcanic rocks in Wisconsin, and about 350 million years younger than the Sturgeon Quartzite. The rocks here are dipping about 60 degrees north, but are \u201cfacing\u201d south (so, like the Sturgeon Quartzite, the iron-formation is overturned, however the structure is much more obvious).\u00a0\u00a0The rock on the south side of the mine is the Briar Slate, a shaly unit within the Iron-formation.\u00a0\u00a0Perhaps the most unique feature at this locality is the Paleozoic (Cambrian) sandstone that forms the \u201ccap\u201d on the hill and the exposures on the north side of the workings.\u00a0\u00a0We are looking UP at the unconformity!\u00a0Interestingly, several of the \u201cpillars\u201d in the mine have collapsed within the last few years, making this mine a much more dangerous locality to walk under.<\/p>\n

(NOTE;\u00a0WE WILL NOT BE WALKING UNDER, OR NEAR, THE DANGER AREA)<\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 7<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Randville Dolomite outcrop on Lake Antoine<\/p>\n

Return to the vehicles and return to Quinnesec and turn right (west) on Hwy-2.<\/p>\n

Proceed west through the business section of Iron Mountain, Michigan.\u00a0\u00a0We will re-join Hwy-141 just before we enter Iron Mountain.\u00a0\u00a0After we cross the causeway across the lake formed by collapse of the Chapin iron mine, turn right (east) on Margaret Street one block after a stop light, and a block before the A&W Root Beer stand on the left.\u00a0\u00a0Continue east on Margaret Street to where the street makes a sharp right turn along the south shore of Lake Antoine.\u00a0\u00a0The outcrop is on the north side of the street so park along the street as you can.<\/p>\n

Walk (climb) up onto the glacially smoothed outcrop.\u00a0\u00a0The dolomite here is dipping almost vertically, so the top surface is a cross-section of the layers.\u00a0\u00a0Note that the dolomite is thinly bedded, and note that some layers contain abundant\u00a0stromatolites<\/strong>, produced by micro-organisms.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Stromatolites used to be called\u00a0\u00a0\u201calgal structures\u201d because they were believed to have been formed by blue-green algae.\u00a0\u00a0However, biologists have re-classified the organisms, and now call them Cyanobacteria.\u00a0\u00a0Therefore, we now call the structures \u201cstromatolites\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0The stromatolites here are unusual in that they all appear to be \u201cleaning\u201d to the west!\u00a0\u00a0This unusual shape is, again, due to the collision zone a few miles south of here.\u00a0\u00a0The dolomite is rather \u201cplastic\u201d and has \u201dflowed\u201d westward by re-crystallizing during the collision of the crustal plates.\u00a0\u00a0The shape of the stromatolites here indicates that Michigan was sliding east and Wisconsin was sliding west during the collision.<\/p>\n

END OF DAY ONE.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Return to Hwy US-2\/141 and turn right and continue northwest out of Iron Mountain.\u00a0\u00a0At Hwy-M-95, turn right (north) and proceed north about 52 miles, through Sagola, Channing and Republic to Hwy \u2013 41\/ M-28.\u00a0\u00a0Turn right (east) and go 19 miles to Ishpeming then 8 more miles to Marquette).<\/p>\n

(Day Two)<\/strong><\/p>\n

STOP – 1.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Presque Isle Park on Lake Superior north of Marquette, Michigan.<\/p>\n

From the assembly point, follow the road north along the east (lake) side of Presque Isle Park to the parking area at the north end of the park.\u00a0\u00a0Walk to the low ledge near the shore.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Exposed here is an unconformity between an Archean age (~2,700 million year old) peridotite overlain by the Keweenawan age (~1,000 billion year old) Jacobsville Sandstone.\u00a0\u00a0The peridotite is composed mainly of serpentine, and is associated with pillow basalts.\u00a0\u00a0The Jacobsville Sandstone has the mottled brown iron staining characteristic of this formation.\u00a0\u00a0Like the other Keweenawan rocks it was deposited in an arid climate.<\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 2.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Sudbury Impact Layer at McClure Basin.<\/p>\n

Continue on the road around Presque Isle Park and exit where we entered the park near the iron ore dock.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Drive south along the lakeshore to Washington Street (Business Hwy-41) and go west out of town toward Negaunee on Hwy-41\/M-M28.\u00a0\u00a0Continue west approximately 5 miles.\u00a0\u00a0Shortly after going under the railroad overpass turn right (north) on County Rd 502 and go about 0.5 mile to County Rd. 510.\u00a0\u00a0Turn right (east) on County 510 and follow it for approximately 2.4 miles to the new road construction site. Park along the road BEFORE the bridge and walk into the site on the left side of the road.<\/p>\n

This is a short walk, but requires crossing a small creek on a plank \u201cbridge\u201d.<\/p>\n

The rocks exposed here are debris formed as a result of a huge meteorite that struck the Earth at the present site of Sudbury, Ontario, about 240 miles to the east.\u00a0\u00a0The impact occurred 1,850 million years ago.\u00a0\u00a0Much of the debris is intensely shattered rock.<\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 3.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Archean Pillow basalts along Hwy-41\/28.<\/p>\n

Turn around and follow Hwy 510 about 2.4 miles to Hwy 502, Turn left and go 0.5 miles to Hwy-41\/M-28.\u00a0\u00a0Turn right (west) and proceed about 0.25 miles to the glacially polished outcrop on the north side of the Hwy.\u00a0\u00a0There is limited parking space here, so park as far off the road as possible,<\/p>\n

These basalts are probably the most photographed pillow lavas in the Lake Superior region.\u00a0\u00a0They are part of the Archean rocks in the Marquette Iron district, and were named the \u201cMona Schists\u201d by C. R.Van Hise and W. S. Bayley, the US Geological Survey geologists who mapped the district nearly 100 years ago. Like the pillow lavas near Pembine, WI, a number of serpentine bodies are present in these ocean floor basalts.\u00a0\u00a0In addition, several gold deposits were discovered in the serpentine bodies north of Ishpeming in the late 1800\u201ds.<\/p>\n

STOP-4<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Iron-formation pyramid in the Teal Lake Park in Negaunee. (LUNCH-REST).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(Grandma-T\u2019s Pasty Shop is a few blocks away for those interested!!)<\/p>\n

Continue west on Hwy-41\/M-28\u00a0for approximately 6 miles to Negaunee.\u00a0\u00a0Shortly after passing through a road cut of white rocks (quartzite), exit right (north) and park along the street on the east edge of the park.<\/p>\n

A large pyramid made of blocks of jaspilite (interlayered jasper and hematite) commemorating the first discovery of iron-formation, and iron ORE, in the Lake Superior region in 1844 stands near the highway.<\/p>\n

STOP \u2013 5.<\/strong> Jasper Knob exposure in Ishpeming.<\/p>\n

Continue west of Hwy-41\/M-28 about 5 miles to the stoplight at 3rd<\/sup>\u00a0Street in Ishpeming.\u00a0\u00a0Turn left (south) and proceed about 12 blocks to Ready Street.\u00a0\u00a0Turn left (east) on Division St. and continue just past the CCIC (Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company) Research Lab (brick building on the right).\u00a0\u00a0Turn right (south) on Jasper Street and follow it around up the hill.\u00a0\u00a0Park near a stone wall along the left side of the street.\u00a0\u00a0A narrow set of steps within the wall marks the beginning of the trail up to Jasper Knob.\u00a0\u00a0This is a moderately long walk up hill, but the trail is good.<\/p>\n

This exposure of highly deformed jaspilite is at the top of the ~2,000-foot thick Negaunee Iron-formation.\u00a0\u00a0It is NOT typical of most of the iron-formation, which consists of gray-black chert, interlayered with various iron minerals (siderite, magnetite, minnesotaite and stilpnomelane).\u00a0\u00a0It is, however, a famous outcrop visited by most people who wish to see the iron-formation on the Marquette Iron Range.<\/p>\n

STOP-6.<\/strong>\u00a0The Champion Iron Mine in Champion, Michigan.<\/p>\n

Return down the hill and turn left (west) on Ready Street, then turn right (north) onto third Street and continue on to Hwy-41\/M-28.\u00a0\u00a0Turn left (west) at the stoplight and\u00a0continue west approximately 16 miles to Champion, Michigan.\u00a0\u00a0Turn left (south) at the blinking traffic light and go up the hill toward Beacon.\u00a0Go past the old school on the left and turn left (east) onto AJ Rd just past Dr. Van Riper\u2019s house.\u00a0\u00a0Turn right on AK Rd at the pale green house and continue to a side road to the right marked with a red U.S. Steel NO TRESPASSING sign,\u00a0continue on this un-named road to the waste piles.<\/p>\n

The Champion Mine produced magnetite and specular hematite ore (the \u201chard ore\u201d of the Marquette district.\u00a0\u00a0The rocks here are metamorphosed to a much higher degree than those around Negaunee and Ishpeming.\u00a0\u00a0The Champion Mine is noted for the wide variety of minerals (such as tourmaline, molybdenite, etc.) found in the ore here.<\/p>\n

END OF THE TRIP<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n

Field Trip Details:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Attach Documents <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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